The following article was
written by alumni of the organization I AM Activity which was created by Guy
and Edna Ballard.
Have you ever heard of the I AM Activity, Guy Ballard, Edna Ballard,
Godfre Ray King, Saint Germain, The Ascended Masters, Mt Shasta, The Great
White Brotherhood? Were you ever an I AM
Student? Do you wonder why the magic you first felt when you became an I AM
Student was gradually replaced with uncertainty, confusion, fear, loneliness?
You are not alone.
Are you ready to
stand with God and take a real honest look at the origins of the I AM Activity?
Why does this web site exist?
We are former I AM students who have developed serious concerns about
the origins of "The I AM Activity" religious movement, started by Guy
and Edna Ballard in the 1930s, and now run by the Saint Germain Foundation from
Chicago, Illinois, USA.
We have also become increasingly alarmed about the I AM Activity's
subtle but devastating ability to harm the young, the vulnerable, the
uneducated, the poor, the aged, the sick. Over the last 2 decades, we have seen
dozens of I AM students psychologically traumatized, and left financially and
socially destitute after years of sincere effort to live by the I AM teachings.
For evil to succeed, good men must do nothing
We also feel the proliferation of web sites that treat the whole concept
of Ascended Masters and an "I AM" Presence as some sort of undisputed
"given" need to be balanced by available objective evidence.
The danger of leaving this view unexpressed is the young and vulnerable
will then be at risk of living lives based on others' delusions.
A calm and considered sincere seeker will do well to read about the
origin of the I AM Activity and the Ascended Masters, and not take the word of
anyone who says he/she has met and hears an invisible, inaudible Master.
We have also seen the psychic paralysis students go through when trying
to let go of the I AM Activity. The process can be debilitating and drag on
for decades. One might feel nothing more than emotionally punctured but then
they may be driven to suicide. There might be a sense of loneliness, extreme
guilt, fear one has failed God, confusion, and alienation; especially if you
cannot talk to someone who has insight into the teachings.
Does God reward spiritual elitism?
If you have read the I AM teachings, you will have found its literature
resplendent with dazzling light and promises of Invincible Health, Wealth, and
Happiness. However, like us, after many years of practice, you may have
collected a panoply of rationalizations on why your decrees haven't worked to
full effect, and how, if you just 'believe and feel' a little deeper, you
really are going to get all that good stuff the Ballards say you can.
But then, you may become confused when you look at Christians,
Buddhists, and members of garden variety meditation groups, who seem to have just
as much, if not more, health, wealth and happiness as I AM students. This just
keeps feeding the doubts which go round and round in your head.
You argue with yourself, hey, I am sure to get more good stuff than the
others because I have given up meat, onions, garlic, alcohol, television, and
sex; and go to classes three times a week; and wear only constructive colors on
the right days; and give decrees three times a day and before crossing the
road; and have given up a healthy social life to be in this special little
group of spiritually elite and nice people; and hey, I am more sincere and
passionate about my religion; and after all this, i must deserve to get more
than other religions promise.
Hmmmmm... But the result is different.
One of the most difficult things about leaving the I AM Activity is
breaking the social bonds formed with like minded people. Most students mix
with other students and have limited social life or commonality with those
outside the I AM. And we admit that most students
are exceptionally good and noble people. However, when one starts to question
the I AM values, it is difficult to remain close friends with those who accept
them unreservedly.
(Cid's observation: This is typical of any dogmatic congregation.)
And yet, it is also a lonely search to find a replacement group where
one can hold onto the idealism the I AM Activity fosters.
However, all is not lost. You don't have to throw the baby out with the
bathwater. We believe there is a path that leads to a clearer
understanding of one's relationship with God, and accommodates the positive
experiences you may have experienced in the I AM Activity.
We are currently collecting students' views on why so many have
beautiful experiences in the first few years before things eventually sour. However, until this
is published, it is timely for you to sincerely analyze the origin of the I AM
beliefs. If you don't question, then you risk not putting your
Higher Self first, but instead, are submitting to the Ballards' threats of
punishment by angry Dieties, that keep the Will of God in you paralyzed.
If the I Am Activity is all Truth, then it will steadfastly weather any
sincere rational inquiry. If it is not all Truth, then it must be revealed as such
with God Speed.
(Cid's observation: in reality that organization is simply a sect that
was invented by two liars to enrich themselves.)
The disturbing revelations of Gerald Bryan
Gerald Bryan was an I AM Student in the 1930s. He became concerned
about the Ballards as he started to discern their inconsistencies, their
arrogant manner in dismissing criticism, and the teaching's destructive effects
on many followers. During the 1930s, he wrote a series of pamphlets revealing
these problems, which he published as a book in 1940.
In the year 2000, a book
originally written in 1940 by an early I AM student, Gerald Bryan, was
republished after being out of print for 60 years. If you are an I AM student,
its insights into the Ballards will shock you.
Copyright on Bryan's book has entered the public domain and we have a
significant excerpt on our site here.
Following we discuss just a few of the revelations of Bryan's book.
The beginnings of the Ballards
Before they concocted the I AM activity, the Ballards had built up years
of experience in metaphysical organizations. These included The Theosophical
Society and William Pelley's anti Semitic politico-religious fascist movement,
The Silver Shirts, also known as "Foundation for Christian Economics"
and the "Christian Party".
Indeed, Guy and Edna conducted regular spiritualist meetings in Chicago
where they used Pelley publications. In addition, many Chicago-ites remember
Guy as a man fascinated with mediumship, the channeling of Spirits. He was well
known amongst gullible female servants of the wealthy for conducting meetings
where he channeled one or more spirits.
One further precedent that would prepare the Ballards for constructing
the I AM Activity, was Edna's job as a shop assistant in a Spiritualist
Bookshop. Here she had the opportunity to read the prolific range of
metaphysical books that met the popular trend for such in the early 20th
Century. In addition, the Ballards although poor, had a sizable collection of
such books in their home.
When establishing the I AM movement, the Ballards initially focused on
drawing members of Pelley's troubled organization into their movement. This was
a nifty strategy considering it beat building a member base from scratch, and
Pelley members shared metaphysical and pseudo politico-patriotic aspirations to
run for government, as the Ballards did. Further, Pelley had a rapid rise to
popularity, wealth, and power due to his publications, an act it seems the
Ballards wanted to emulate. With Pelley tied up in legal battles and a sinking
reputation, the Ballards realized the stage was ripe for a "new
improved" movement to sweep America.
Plagiarism
A lot of work still lay ahead for the Ballards, which must have seemed a
large burden when they were so poor and now aged in their 50s. They had to find
a quicker path to the limitless wealth they later preached was freely available
to all. So why stop at building up membership on the hard work of someone else,
when you can also write your books largely from others' toil too? Which raises
the ugly thought of plagiarism.
Gerald Bryan and his wife were well read in metaphysical literature, at
least as well as the Ballards it seems. Bryan provides methodical and
convincing evidence that six books were plagiarized by Ballard in the writing
of Unveiled Mysteries. These books
are:
- "Dweller on Two Planets"
- "The Brother of the Third Degree"
- "The Prince of Atlantis"
- "Myriam and the Mystic
Brotherhood"
- "Life and Teaching of the Masters of
the Far East"
- "Secret Power"
Bryan has shown phrase for phrase undeniable similarities between
Ballard's words and scenarios, and those of the above books. Plagiarism would
be difficult to refute.
The manipulation of the treasurer
To appeal to more people quickly, and pull in that much more money from
donations and book sales, the Ballards went to great lengths cajoling and
wooing the treasurer of Pelley's movement who had access to Pelley groups
throughout the USA.
Ballard, as St Germain, flattered him endlessly, referring to him as his
pal. In 1934, after receiving letters from Guy Ballard urging him to come and
serve St Germain (and take a cut of the earnings), this man unfortunately
succumbed and went on the road with the Ballards, organizing their first public
performances outside Chicago. The classes consisted of many current or ex
Pelley members.
Now, as part of Saint Germain's wooing of the Treasurer, he had promised
his 'pal' Ascended Master protection and blessings. Tragically for the
treasurer, Saint Germain neglected to qualify the limitations of Ascended Master
protection and blessings.
On Jan 13, 1935, on the last day of a ten day class series in Washington
DC, three months after Saint Germain made his promises through the channeling
of Guy Ballard, this man was critically injured. He was getting out of the
Ballards' car after the last class when he was struck by a passing car. He
suffered multiple fractures of the skull and broken legs. Guy Ballard later
told him he wasn't inside the circle of light Ballard had drawn around the car
to protect it.
(Cid's observation: the circle of light is a well-known protection in occultism,
but as with true amulets and other rituals, all this helps vibratory but does
not ensure total protection to the person who uses them.)
This poor man had organized classes and travel on the east coast for the
Ballards for 3 months. And the Ballards' return of favor was to dump him in the
nearest hospital, consult a psychic healer (not trusting their own healing
powers), and continue on their trip across the USA.
To add insult to serious injury, the Ballards later defended themselves
against the Treasurer's legitimate cynicism by telling their followers this man
had actually died in the car accident and an entity now inhabited his body! How
convenient... What cynicism!
The weave of a tangled web
Of course, Ballard never put such qualifiers as "you were standing
outside the circle of protection I drew around the car, and that is why you got
hit by the car and ruined for life" into the "green books". Ballard
knew desperate people trying to escape the struggles of the Great Depression
would not find the books as compelling with such un-magical limitations.
From this tragedy, it becomes apparent the Masters and Guy place a lot
of qualifiers on their "limitless invincible" rhetoric, after the
fact. Anyone who spends a little time in the I AM Activity, soon finds this is
the norm regarding that which flows from the Ballards' mouths. Ballard
rhetoric, whether in the books or dictations, is all encompassing, limitless,
invincible, eternal; no half measures. Anything less would surely raise doubt
about the power of the Ascended Masters.
It is only after a student has used decrees for many months that he/she
starts to wonder why the promised limitless health, wealth, happiness, and
perfection isn't appearing out of thin air, like the Ballards promise.
Only then do the "more experienced students" step in and start
laying on a myriad of convoluted qualifiers and pseudo rationalizations
explaining why decrees don't always work instantaneously, like the books say
they should.
So proverbially, the deceptive weave of the "I AM" web becomes
ever more tangled the longer one stays in the Activity. So much so, that the
beliefs an I AM student has a year or more after starting out are so watered
down they have nothing in common with the magical promises in the I AM books.
The first doubt the new student has to get their head around is why the
Ballards grew old and died, rather then fulfill the promises of the I AM books.
(Cid's observation: true esotericism explains that the decree has a
certain efficacy, but the Ballards profoundly distorted it, making their
followers believe that simply decreeing all their wishes were going to come
true, which is false.)
Questioning
It is a sobering exercise for every I AM student to reflect back
periodically to the frame of mind they were in when they first read the
promises of the Ballard books. For many of us, it was comparable to the magic
of Christmas when we were children. There were the gifts that appear from
nowhere, and a child's awe at the "reality" of magic in the air.
With the passing of time, children grow up, and know where the gifts
really come from. They also come to realize Santa Claus is a beautiful idea
that encourages us to love and be nice to each other, but also that Santa isn't
real. And the same appears to be the case for the Ballard world. The disturbing
thing is that the Ballards always emphatically, sometimes hostilely, claimed
everything the books had occurred in real life.
Guy's invincible body is not invincible
For example, Guy Ballard made a lot of claims about having an invincible body of
Light that no karma could register on after his Unveiled Mysteries experiences.
Early in 1935 when traveling to give a class outside St Petersburg Florida, Don
Ballard drove their car into a ditch and wrote the car off. Don, without the
invincible body, was not hurt. Guy with the invincible body, broke a few ribs
and had to cancel appearances for a few weeks.
On the same trip to Florida in 1935, normal people noted the Ballards
were...well, normal, and not, 'special': Edna got a cold, Guy was known to have
a bad temper when things went wrong, and young Don had a fowl mouth.
The love of money
The Ballards dressed modestly until they started receiving "love
gifts" and increased book sales on the West Coast in 1935, after which
they dressed lavishly and drove flash cars.
Originally, people who attended their classes were told the Ballards did
not need money, and the purpose of Love gifts was to open doors of supply to
those who gave to the Movement. Attendees at Ballard classes were told not to
give copper, only notes and silver. After all, the Ballards were heralding in
the "Golden Age", and mere copper would not resonate with Golden Age
radiation.
When Edna and Don were up in the courts on fraud charges, guess who paid
for the legal defense?
No, not the Ascended Masters or Universal supply sources. It was the
poor old students again. And supply must have been Spartan at this time for Edna
and her students, as Edna often resorted to sleeping in the car during the
trials.
Considering the Ballards claimed access to limitless wealth, it is
baffling indeed to understand why, instead of asking for money (love gifts),
the Ballards did not use their limitless source of wealth to become patrons of
many humanitarian and benevolent causes.
The Ballards were poor before the I AM started. They had debts they
never paid. When they were later seen swanning around in sparkly shiny new
clothes and cars in Chicago, some of their creditors were flabbergasted.
Mainly old ladies swindled by Guy when he borrowed money for living
expenses while trying to locate that Ascended Master gold.
In Unveiled Mysteries and The Magic Presence, Guy emphatically
states Saint Germain showed him where incredible wealth existed within
"them thar hills" throughout America and the world. It is incredulous
in the extreme that Guy, possessing this knowledge, did not get one successful
gold mine up and running.
Bryan has letters Guy hand wrote back to creditors with sheepish excuses
why he couldn't repay, and that in fact he actually didn't OWN any of the
trappings of wealth surrounding him. The style in these letters reflect the
character of a desperate and spineless con man.
Don, where are you?
It is also hard to reconcile why Saint Germain's “pure and beloved Don
Ballard” (the son of Ballard), one of Saint Germain's personally selected three
"accredited" messengers, thought so little of the activity that he
resigned from it in 1957.
Rather than serve the mighty Saint Germain, and benefit from the
limitless health, wealth and happiness available to all, but especially an
accredited Messenger, Don felt a stronger call to the much higher cause of
starting up a machine shop in Santa Fe, and wanting nothing more to do with
channeling Masters.
(Cid's observation: what happens is that this individual got fed up with
that scam and preferred to walk away.)
Donald and Edna Ballard
A glut of dictations on the light and sound ray
Of the many Ascended Masters brought to life by the Ballards in their
delivery of over 3000 dictations via the Light and Sound Ray, it is difficult
to rationalize why these Masters all of a sudden, with the death of Edna,
decided mankind deserved not one further dictation.
Further, the concept that the Masters spoke to the Ballards on a light
and sound ray is perplexing. It is hard to imagine a more difficult thing than
to listen to a Master and at the same time try to voice what you hear. Try it
yourself. Get a friend to talk at you, while you try to repeat what he is saying.
It eventually breaks down.
The Saint Germain Foundation states the Masters have not chosen to use
other messengers since the Ballards because no one is strong enough to carry
the light as they did. If this is so, then one must query the claimed potency
of decrees to purify and strengthen I AM students.
It is even more interesting that Don Ballard, being one of Saint
Germain's three true accredited messengers, could not continue dictating after
his mother's death. Indeed, it is amazing that someone with the divine
attributes accredited Don by Saint Germain could make a mistake like marrying a
woman who would later divorce him. It is even more amazing that Don resigned
from the I AM Activity in 1957. Wow, when the whole world depended on Don and
only Don, he walks away.
(Cid's observation: anyone who truly knows esotericism, simply by
listening to the content of these messages realizes that these were not
dictated by the Masters but they were invented by the Ballards.)
Imperfect instructors
The Ascended Masters are not infallible. The Ballards had a lot of
logistical problems when they first went on the road. Why didn't Saint Germain
or the Ballards themselves have enough wisdom to avoid this.
Guy Ballard would regularly check his watch when channeling the Masters.
This can only be interpreted as the Masters not being aware of time or the mood
of their audience.
Guy, when channeling The Tall Master from Venus, made an error. He
referred to a comment made by Saint Germain as being made by The Great Divine
Director.
When Gerald Bryan published booklets questioning the I AM Movement, the
Ballards told students to go and burn them. This was a stupid thing to do, not
something one would expect from an all knowing Ascended Master or their
embodied Messiah.
The students had to go and buy the books to burn them. Naturally, Bryan
and the bookshops profited from this and the printing presses kept rolling.
Eventually, the Ballards had to change their ill conceived, bad tempered
strategy of stupidity, and tell their automaton followers to stop buying the
books.
The Ballards detest logic and calm reason
The Ballards state Saint Germain was Sir Francis Bacon in a previous life.
Sir Francis is accredited with delineating inductive reasoning to formulate
modern Scientific Methodology, hence heralding in the modern age of science and
dispelling the world of Dark Age superstition and ignorance, and fear driven
obedience to the dictatorial power of the Roman Catholic Church.
Therefore, it is only consistent that Saint Germain would vigorously
advocate people rigorously investigate the truth of the 'Laws of Life' in the
Ballard teachings.
Quite the contrary, the Ballards aggressively and emphatically banned
students from questioning their words by threatening them with all sorts of
scary scenarios about being cast out of God's Light, or having all the positive
effects of years of decrees reversed by the slightest hint of doubt- pretty
heavy stuff; a trick the Ballards must have known helped the Catholic church in
the middle ages. Me oh my, what would Sir Francis have thought of the Ballards?
(Cid's observation: the Ballards copied that lie from Charles Leadbeater
who was an immense charlatan and the first to claim that Count of Saint-Germain
in his previous life had been Francis Bacon.)
Saint-Germain
rages
One original follower selected by the Ballards to run things was
dismissed by a letter from Saint Germain warning him that due to his
disobedience, his purpose on earth had been cut short and that he should go and
ready himself for death. The man was alive and well 4 years later in 1940, when
Gerald Bryan published his book.
Many early followers, blessed and selected for responsibility by the
Ballards and the Masters, were sacked with nasty letters in Edna's handwriting
and signed by St Germain, stating these vicious ones had fallen from God's
grace and would now suffer the horrible consequences that would carry for
another 2 or 3 embodiments. (After all, what's one extra embodiment?)
These people were guilty of nothing more than contacting and reading
about other Spiritual Teachings. It seems free will is an evil quality to the
Ballards.
And it seems strange that St. Germain could not even risk writing his
own letters, let alone showing himself and talking to anyone but the Ballards.
An educated person might be forgiven for thinking it strange that no one but
the Ballards have first hand experience of meeting St. Germain.
The jesus scam
In the beginning, Saint Germain was the king pin. It was only after the
Ballards realized they could persuade a lot more people to follow them if they
appealed to the Christian background of many Americans, that Jesus started
speaking through the Ballards and his picture was hung in classes at an equal
height to Saint Germain. How convenient. Then soon followed the Virgin Mary and
a host of Christian figures.
The Ballards realized they were onto a good thing with the Christian
alignment strategy. So they went one further and started to do an annual
pageant about the life of Christ up in Shasta.
This is interesting because The I AM Activity claims the Bible is one of
its religious books of instruction. However, the Bible is never quoted from,
studied, or treated as a definitive source of information in I AM classes.
Guy's ascension
The teachings state that one can raise their body into the Ascension
without passing through the change called death.
But in fact, the original I AM teaching, from 1932-1939 stated the only
way to ascend was to take the body up with you. But after Guy Ballard died of
cardiac arterial sclerosis, and failed to take his body into the ascension in
December 1939, Edna Ballard changed this law to state that one could now
actually ascend after the body died.
Unfortunately, despite Edna's posthumous concocted cover up, most I
AMers smelled a rat, and left feeling conned.
The Encyclopaedia Britannica, who aren't known for getting their facts
wrong, puts it this way:
« A major reversal [in
membership] occurred when Guy Ballard died on Dec. 29, 1939. Mrs. Ballard had
his body cremated and on Jan. 1, 1940, announced in a class that Ballard had
ascended and was now an Ascended Master. News of his death, however, led many
followers to leave the movement, since the Ballards had taught that the
ascension, the liberation forever from the physical body and from reincarnation,
would come without the experience of physical death. »
The death of individuality
The Ballards said decrees could never be created by students, that the
only decrees sanctioned by the Masters were those written by the Ballards.
I AM Students are not allowed to play music in classes other than that
sanctioned by those high and mighty ones who run the Saint Germain foundation
from Chicago. And these people were never chosen by Edna, hence they cannot
have Saint Germain's blessing, because he doesn't speak through anyone else but
the Ballards. And don't let anyone convince you otherwise. Over and over, the
Ballards stated emphatically that the Masters would never use anyone else as a
messenger before they came to earth themselves.
(Cid's note: this is typical of the sects: when the guru passes away, his
assistants do not want the business to end and so they pretend to be the new
“guides”.)
In fact, the Ballards also said the Masters would appear to all mankind
within their lifetime. This is just another promise that never occurred.
So if anyone claims they are receiving messages from the Masters, then they
or the Ballards are lying.
Anyway, the point is, all these restrictions and rules started in the
1930s and added to every decade, impose severe restraint on the expression of
individuality by Ballard followers.
Fear rules
When you become an I AM student, there is a lof of talk about the need
for protection from a world full of discord and depravity. Students soon never
leave the house without giving decrees.
This negativity spills over into attitudes about certain occupations. It
seems Mrs. Ballard felt one would be hard pressed to avoid soul destroying evil
if they worked in the medical field (nurses included), psychology, the defence
forces, the police, television, the IRS.
It is strange the Ballards felt a need to scare everyone with all the
talk of entities and evil out in the world. In doing so they contradict one of
the fundamental premises of the I AM movement: "one becomes what they
place their attention on". The Ballards would rarely remind their
followers that God is more powerful than evil.
The net effect of this imbalance was to fill I AM students with so much
fear they would have difficulty holding down a full time job in addition to
doing all the protection and purifying decrees necessary to keep one's energy
untouched by the world.
Appearances count more than truth
Attendance at the big annual classes held at Shasta Springs has
decreased from ~800 in 1987 to ~400 in 2002. The Saint Germain Foundation is
very shy about releasing its membership number, but they should know based on
the sales of their monthly I AM Magazine, which all good I AMers buy. The
foundation does admit to there being 300 sanctuaries in the world.
We have met students from many sanctuaries, and infer the median average
active membership per sanctuary to be less than 10. There is a trend for new
people to come in, try hard for a few years, get disillusioned when their lives
don't improve, then leave. This pattern just keeps repeating through the years.
Anyone who needs to work in the real world soon finds it difficult to make
it along to the recommended 3 meetings a week. They also become bored with the
repetitive unchanging format of the classes, the same old decrees, and the same
old songs you'd never be proud to let your non I AM friends hear.
If all that the Masters say in the books is true, then it is amazing
that the fate of the world rests in the hands of so few, and that more people
do not feel drawn to this most true teaching of God. It is also a telling sign
that the success of a sanctuary is usually related to the charisma of the group
leader
That money issue again
What is one to make of the Ballards drawing wealth, not from Saint
Germain's gold mines and sunken Spanish galleons, nor even directly from the
universal, but from 'love gifts' and book sales.
And who paid for the Ballards to get through the drawn out and expensive
mail fraud trials?
Once again, not the Ascended Masters. It was by large donations from
students who worked like you and me in normal jobs.
Why does the St Germain Foundation after 70 years of decrees, still
struggle financially?
Why do they rely on so much volunteer or poorly paid labour in their
business pursuits?
The big juicy baits
Like most poorly conceived but high aspiring fringe religions and cults,
The I AM Activity attracts or baits people with promises of magical miracles.
However, unlike most religions, the Ballards go all out and promise not one but
four Mother of all miracles:
1) Followers can attain
invincible youth and health (eternally so), and escape the ravages of old age.
Indeed the Ballards say that old age and infirmity can be reversed using I AM
decrees.
2) Followers can materialize
limitless wealth out of thin air without working for it or being given the
money by relatives or friends.
3) Followers can live perfect
harmonious happy lives untouched by all the common negativities that are part
of the human condition.
4) Followers can raise their
bodies into the Ascension without dying.
So now we have in the above, that age old triune sought by all humankind
since Adam was a boy- health, wealth, and happiness. But the Ballards go the
extra mile and whack in a "no death" clause by promising...no death.
Now, we know many current and former sincere I AM students who decreed
for over 50 years and regularly went to big classes, where a decade of yacky
karma was dissolved per class. And all of them, without fail, could personally
state that:
-
NO I AM student has
ever attained invincible youth, sustainably reversed the effects of old age, or
unequivocally avoided ill health.
-
NO I AM student has
ever materialized limitless wealth out of thin air, and most I AM students are
no wealthier than members of conventional churches.
-
NO I AM student has
ever lived a life exceptional by its absence of negativity and limitations, not
at least without the help of relative's money.
-
NO I AM student has
ever raised their body into the ascension.
If anyone reading this knows of someone who has attained one or more of
the above, we seriously want to hear from you. And seriously, we are giving away
$10,000 to motivate you. You can email us at the address below.
Until then, the sad reality remains, that in the 70 year existence of
the I AM Activity, not one I AM student has experienced any of the four major
miracles of the movement. And the real scandal is, neither did the Ballards.
(Source:
http://www.tyob.info/public/archived_sites/users.on.net/%7Ethefirstbruce/Ballards/index.html)
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